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Allopurinol is a medication used to decrease high blood uric acid levels. It is specifically used to prevent gout, prevent specific types of kidney stones and for the high uric acid levels that can occur with chemotherapy. It is taken orally or intravenously.

Allopurinol is a hypoxanthine analog and a xanthine oxidase inhibitor medication that reduces the production of uric acid in the body, primarily used to treat gout and to prevent elevated uric acid levels caused by cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy.[1][2] Developed in the late 1950s by Gertrude Elion as part of efforts to create purine analogs for antibacterial and chemotherapeutic purposes, it was introduced clinically in the 1960s and has since become a cornerstone therapy for hyperuricemia-related conditions.[3][4]