Vitamin C

Vitamin C, chemically L-ascorbic acid (C₆H₈O₆), is a water-soluble organic compound functioning as an essential dietary nutrient for humans, who lack the enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase necessary for its endogenous synthesis.[1][2] It serves as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions, including the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues during collagen biosynthesis, and exhibits antioxidant properties by donating electrons to neutralize reactive oxygen species.[2][3] Deficiency results in scurvy, a disease marked by weakened connective tissue, fatigue, gingival bleeding, and impaired wound healing due to defective collagen formation.[4][5]