Glimser-P 2 SR

Metformin is an oral biguanide antidiabetic medication that serves as a first-line therapy for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus by lowering blood glucose levels through multiple mechanisms, including reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreased intestinal glucose absorption, enhanced insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, and modulation of the gut microbiota.[1][2][3] Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1994, it is one of the most widely prescribed drugs globally due to its efficacy, low cost, safety profile, and additional benefits such as modest weight loss—typically 2–3% of body weight (approximately 2–6 kg in the first year) for many patients with type 2 diabetes—or weight neutrality, and cardiovascular protection in diabetic patients. The weight loss is mediated by mechanisms such as increased production of the anti-hunger molecule lac-phe, elevated circulating levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) leading to appetite suppression, effects via the central nervous system and gut hormones (e.g., GLP-1, PYY), gut microbiome changes, and reduced caloric intake. It is not FDA-approved specifically for weight loss, although it is sometimes used off-label, and the effect is generally modest and varies by individual adherence and condition.[1][4][5][6][7]